Not completely in agreement here.
Genesis 1:27
So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them.
Two related statements here with a very specific pronoun used in the first statement. I realize that the word man can refer to mankind sometimes in scripture but I do not believe that it does in this verse.
Please excuse my nit-picking here, but when coming to weighty conclusions based on Scripture, I believe it's especially worthwhile to do some research to ensure that one's English-translation (i.e., more-than-average prone-toward-linguistic-corruption) Bible is relatively consistent with the Hebrew and Greek.
So I got out a Hebrew Interlinear along with the Concordant Version of the Old Testament (CVOT), which isn't infallible but which I trust above all other English translations, because it works directly from the Hebrew (primary) and Greek (secondary; primary for CLNT, Concordant Literal New Testament, same publishers) and makes the best effort to consistently translate any given Hebrew or Greek word the same way every time it appears (there are exceptions, some of which can't even be justified, but generally speaking the CVOT is far more trustworthy than anything that has been translated from the KJV or the Latin Vulgate (the major source for the KJV).
Before I start on the verse in question, it should also be noted that 'adm' [אָ דָ ם] actually can be translated either 'the human being' or 'humanity,' depending on the context. On the other hand, e·adm [ה אָ דָ ם] is almost universally translated as 'the human' or 'the human being,' as it refers to a specific individual.
Genesis 1:27 (CVOT): "
So Elohim created humanity in His image; in the
image of Elohim He created it [or him or them, according to some interlinears]: male and female He created them." [Bolded words are direct translation; non-bolded words are added by the translators for the purpose of modern-day English readability,
not for substance purposes.] Note that 'them' at the end agrees in number with 'humanity,' given that both indicate plural people, as does 'male and female.' This verse presents an understanding, as
@andrew has already indicated, that men
and women were created in God's image. (By the way, I don't know how many of you caught George Gilder on Mark Levin's Sunday night
Life, Liberty and Levin TV show on Fox last week, but Gilder made very convincing comments about how it is specifically in the creativity of our minds that we are made in God's image -- not in any physical attributes.) What matters here is that nothing is said in Gen 1:27 about hierarchy between men and women. It will become plain as day in Genesis 2 that men and women were purposefully designed to be different, but I digress, because I believe it's inappropriate to just pull out Gen. 1:27 in isolation. Let's first go back to the previous verse:
Genesis 1:26: "
And Elohim said: Let Us make humanity in Our image and according to
Our likeness. Let them hold
sway over the
fish of the sea and over the
flyer of the heavens, over the domestic
beast, over every land animal and over every creeper that is
creeping on the earth." Let
them . . . , not let the men hold sway while the women clean/cook the fish and milk the cows. Then we establish some more context by reading the verse that
follows Gen 1:27:
Genesis 1:28: "
Elohim blessed them, and Elohim said to them: Be fruitful and increase; fill the earth and subdue it. Hold
sway over the
fish of the sea and over the
flyer of the heavens, over every domestic
beast, over all the earth and over every animal that is
moving on the earth." Which, of course, reemphasizes Gen 1:26:
they (man and woman) are to do this together. No mention of one ruling over the other. In fact, we can jump ahead to the curse passages at Gen. 3:16 and find, "
Yet by your husband is
your restoration. And he shall rule over you." The super literal translation of the Hebrew, though, would read that her husband would be her
impulse (or inspiration for existence) and that he will rule
in her (not
over her), which agrees semantically with
impulse. It is as if the curse is declaring that henceforth wives will be ruled from within by their husbands -- as if the curse is to be hardwired to follow and to know it within themselves that following their husbands is how they were designed, but (a) what rules is from within, and (b) following his headship is the path to "
restoration." [I would love it if I had extant copies of all the original manuscripts of Divine Scripture, because then we wouldn't have to engage in so much interpretation, but even with what we
do have, I believe it is only appropriate that we don't stop with superficial reliance on just one translation (especially English ones, given that most of them are at best translations of translations of translations of translations). Organized religion has very frequently rewritten God's Word (research the mandates behind the creation of the textus receptus and the KJV to discover how polluted the mandates were) to become something that fit organized religion's agendas, and I have no problem believing that convincing husbands that they were to
rule over their wives, subordinating their wives to lesser roles in life, was an agenda that benefited as well from reinterpreting patriarchy-as-overlord backwards in time; it has not been
atheists who have been the primary promoters of The Wrathful God above all other interpretations of our Lord.] This speaks to the partnership dynamic that
@andrew later asserts in this thread.
For whatever reason, Divine Word backtracks after Gen. 2:6 to fill in some information gaps. Gen. 2:7-20 details how God made the human, established the Garden of Eden, put the human in charge of and naming everything in it, and admonished the human to refrain from eating from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, "
for on the
day you eat from it, to
die you shall be dying." What follows may only be tangentially enlightening, but I find it one of the more fascinating passages of Scripture, not to mention fodder for fascinating commentary on the types of topics that mainstream Christianity apparently believes we're better off not fully understanding; as
@andrew says, learning Biblical truth about polygamy is a gateway drug for the lifelong habit of uncovering other truths that have been hidden from us; this is another gateway:
Genesis 2:21-23: "
Then Yahweh Elohim caused a
stupor to fall on the human. While he was sleeping, He took one of his angular organ
s [literally, 'angulars,' as that was the idiomatic expression for sexual and reproductive organs] and closed up the
flesh over
its place. Yahweh Elohim built the angular organ
that He had taken from the human in
to a
woman and brought her to the human. The human said: This time, it is
bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh. This shall be called woman [womb-man], for this was taken from her man." The implication of this is that Adam (Hebrew for 'the human being') was originally an all-in-one, and Eve (Hebrew for precursor/mother-of-all-who-follow) had previously been part of Adam. For the purposes of companionship, reproductive inspiration and getting some help with his chores, Adam's singular nature was divided up into a dual nature that would forevermore seek its other halves. And it probably begs the following question: prior to that stupor Adam underwent, was his male angular ruling his female angular?
Men should be focused on submitting to Christ, our head, and in doing so will naturally 'lead by example' (which by the way is what Christ did for us...). Women should focus on submitting to their men and thus being the "one flesh helper" they were designed to be, but if they have a bad example, then it's not likely to go well. (Women do the same thing when they disrespect or rebel against their husbands and then just can't figure out why the children rebel against them....)
Oh, boy, Andrew, did you hit the nail on the head with those sentences. The only thing I'll add to that is that, in all instances, I have to recognize that, when my wife is clueless about how her disrespect and rebellion translates into chaos with the children, I am
still 100% responsible for the reigning rebellion, because it was
my job to elevate familial respect to a high priority.
This is "where the rubber meets the road" stuff here at BF. You know the old saying "when all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail"? If you are preoccupied with rule, then every dysfunction looks like a rebellion. If you are preoccupied with love (a position strongly endorsed by Jesus and his apostles...), then every dysfunction looks like an opportunity for growth and learning and the practice of fundamental Christian virtues.
Amen, brother. I mentioned just above that I'm 100% responsible for the results in my family. What I have learned and continue to learn is that transforming my family is an endeavor that is not served well by any attempt on my part to rule, to demand or to dominate. Coming from love is always the answer, and, yes, there is a time and a place for
tough love, but if most of the love is tough then it can't possibly really even be love; it's just insecurity-inspired bullying masquerading as love. Often -- and just when it can seem like anger or bullying or authoritarian rule are justified -- what is even more effective than those is to just temporarily back away from the situation. Give oneself time to think. And give others time to recognize what positive contributions are missing when one isn't engaged. Don't withhold yourself to punish, but when you recognize that the ship isn't headed in the right direction, let everyone else do all the rowing; what I've learned is that I often unconsciously row harder than most everyone else in the very direction I simultaneous claim I don't want to be headed.
But in all fairness, I understand what you are saying and try to live in the manner you describe. But, as described by more profound thinkers in this discussion, the idea is better understood in 'leadership' as apposed to ruling by authority.
Excellent point. Please forgive me for drawing it out a little further,
@Cap. I love your distinction between leading and ruling, but distinguishing among another family of words is worthwhile. Author, authentic, authority, authorizing, authoritarian and authoritative all emerge from the same root, but the distinction you have made would more accurately have been between leadership, on the one hand, and
authoritarian ruling, on the other. I'm tweaking this because 'authority' actually implies recognizable expertness; an 'authoritarian' just lords hirself over others because s/he has the
power to do so, and that power may have next to nothing to do with any legitimate authority.
And specifically, leadership from the front (the only real LEADERship), being the example and showing how it's done.
Again, amen. Except in the case of fully self-motivated individuals, how else can others learn? -- or, perhaps more appropriately, how else can our
helpmeets learn to
help us if we're not showing them what would be helpful? If someone doesn't know how to do something, modeling the behavior is one of the most effective teaching methods in existence. People rarely learn anything when told, "Here, do these chores that I don't want to do and don't even want to have to show you how to do, because those are the chores of
your gender." We have been guilty of passing down lies as gospel, generation after generation, and both Christ and Paul have had more than enough to say about how we can make life more wonderful by putting love in the driver's seat. When my wife knows that I'm coming from love, that I'm committed to her best interests, and that I'm listening to her as well as wanting her to listen to me, she's much more likely to end up doing exactly what I wanted her to do in the first place.