There does seem to be a great deal of confusion regarding "divorce" or "putting away". The correct answer to the question of "Is Divorce A Sin?" is this: LAWFUL divorce is not a sin. UNLAWFUL divorce is a sin. The distinction as to whether a divorce is LAWFUL or UNLAWFUL is whether it is JUSTIFIED as specified in Deut. 24:1 and Matt. 19:3-9, specifically:
"if she finds no favour in his eyes because he has found a matter of uncoveredness in her"
"whoever puts away his wife, except on the ground of whoring, and marries another, commits adultery."
Unless this exemption clause is applicable, the divorce is invalid, regardless whether a "certificate of divorcement" is given or not. A piece of paper neither marries nor unmarries anyone. It is evidence of the fact, not justification of it.
There are only two Hebrew words we need to be concerned with here:
keriythuwth (Strong's #3748): cutting off from marriage (from the root karath, Strong's #3772, meaning to cut off, to behead, to destroy, to permit to perish)
shalach (Strong's #7971): putting away, sending away
Just as there is no such word as "adultery" in Hebrew (rather, na'aph), so likewise is there no such word as "divorce" in Hebrew (rather, keriythuwth). Na'aph does not mean adultery, and keriythuwth does not mean divorce, but these are the closest words in English we have for the most similar meaning.
Now let's take a look at Deut. 24...
Deut. 24:1-4: "When a man takes a wife and shall marry her, then it shall be, if she finds no favour in his eyes because he has found a matter of uncoveredness in her, and he shall write her a certificate of KERIYTHUWTH (cutting off from marriage), and put it in her hand, and SHALACH (send away) her out of his house, and if she left his house and went and became another man’s wife, and the latter husband shall hate her and write her a certificate of KERIYTHUWTH (cutting off from marriage), and put it in her hand, and SHALACH (send away) her out of his house, or when the latter husband dies who took her to be his wife, then her former husband who SHALACH (sent away) her is not allowed to take her back to be his wife after she has been defiled, for that would be an abomination before Yahweh. And do not bring sin on the land which Yahweh your Elohim is giving you as an inheritance."
Look at the sequence of events:
1) She finds no favor in his eyes because he found a "matter of uncoveredness" in her
2) He writes her a certificate of divorcement (keriythuwth)
3) He puts the certificate in her hand himself
4) He sends her (shalach) out of his house
Mal. 2:14-16: "And you said, "Why?" Because Yahweh has been witness between you and the wife of your youth, against whom you have acted treacherously, though she is your companion and the wife of your covenant. And did He not make one? And He had the remnant of the Spirit? And what is the one alone? He seeks a seed of Elohim. So you shall guard your spirit, and let none act treacherously against the wife of his youth. "For I hate SHALACH (sending away)," said Yahweh Elohim of Yisra’el, "and the one who covers his garment with cruelty," said Yahweh of hosts. "So you shall guard your spirit, and do not act treacherously."
It seems clear that it is the acting treacherously against the wife of one's youth that is the subject of objection here. God says He hates "shalach" here in Mal. 2:16, yet it is the same word He uses in Jer. 3:8 when He Himself "shalach"'s Israel. The difference is not merely a certificate of cutting off, but rather the treacherous act the husband is committing against her without cause. When the husband SHALACH (sends away) his wife, it is supposed to be a punishment; a necessary consequence of marital unfaithfulness on the part of the wife. Without the required "matter of uncoveredness", the SHALACH (sending away) is unwarranted, UNJUSTIFIED, despite any certificate of KERIYTHUWTH (cutting off from marriage).
This was precisely why the Pharisees asked Jesus the question about whether it was lawful to "put away" one's wife for any reason, and His response was that, outside the "matter of whoring", to do so would be adultery.
Matt. 19:3-9: "And the Pharisees came to Him, trying Him, and saying to Him, "Is it right for a man to put away his wife for every reason?" And He answering, said to them, "Did you not read that He who made them at the beginning made them male and female, and said, 'For this cause a man shall leave his father and mother and cleave to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh'? So that they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore, what Elohim has joined together, let man not separate." They said to Him, "Why then did Mosheh command to give a certificate of divorce, and to put her away?" He said to them, "Because of the hardness of your hearts, Mosheh allowed you to put away your wives, but from the beginning it was not so. And I say to you, whoever puts away his wife, except on the ground of whoring, and marries another, commits adultery. And whoever marries her who has been put away commits adultery."
We can see that the whole "certificate of divorce" argument was brought up and refuted by Jesus Himself. What God hates is UNJUSTIFIED divorce, being treacherous to the wife of one's youth, not merely the lack of a certificate of divorce.
I hope this helps bring clarity to the whole issue of whether "divorcement" is a sin or not. If used properly, it is a necessary consequence. If used improperly, it is most definitely a sin. God spiritually cut off physical Israel for her spiritual adultery and in that, he did not sin, because it was justified.
David