This question, about the application of James 1:27, is what drove me to PM in the first place, JenM. Far as I can tell, it is one of those situations where the answer is OBVIOUS but not RELIGIOUSLY CORRECT (the holy version of 'politically correct').
If we keep reading, we will clearly see James' writing style, and his point. When folks come to you with a stated need,
MEET THE NEED!
If someone shows up hungry, offering to lead them to Christ via the Sinners' Prayer, or to pray for them, or even to offer sage advice on healthful cookery, just doesn't cut it! Feed 'em! Well!
If they show up cold, (naked? Hunh?
), do CLOTHES! Sick? Dead? Tormented? Lay hands, raise the dead, cast out demons!
Which brings us back around to James 1:27 ... Husbandless? Fatherless? Provide a husband and/or father.
I will, however, offer a personal observation about a glaring difference between these two roles / situations and the others mentioned. It is a difference which has me currently in a state of some uncertainty and discomfort.
Hungry and cold, even sick, etc., are temporary situations which can be solved by a single event, after which they can be on their way. One might even make it an extended event, and house / provide for them for a time, as some here have repeatedly done with even whole families! But the situation was still temporary, with the expectation of them "getting on their feet" and resuming complete independence.
Marriage and adoption, au contraire, are permanent. And have permanent consequences on the existing family. Right now, in other threads, we are hearing of the distress caused by the addition of a 2nd wife who undoubtedly was single and in need of a husband, but who apparently is strong willed and has a clear agenda of her own that does not match that of the family she joined. Similarly, what do you do if you accept a "son" into your home, and he won't keep his unwelcome hands (or even welcome hands) off your young daughters? That has happened among this community as well.
What then? Divorce? Is that God's plan? Beat her into submission? I don't THINK so! (Better not let ME hear about it!)
I can easily respond immediately and completely to the needs of anyone who shows up cold or hungry. With some more Biblically accurate training than contemporary churches provide, I may also be able to immediately and completely respond to the needs of anyone who shows up sick, dead, or tormented.
Husbandless and fatherless is a bit more complicated. And I'm not sure how best to deal with them. PM and adoption are clearly the answers. So is a strong patriarchal understanding, and a commitment to right training. But ... what is the responsibility, when it involves potentially bringing serious disruption to the family? Dunno.